The recent vision about preferred extremals and solutions of the modified Dirac equation

The understanding of preferred exrremals of preferred extremals of Kähler action and solutions of the modified Dirac equation has increased dramatically during last months and I have been busily deducing the consequences for the quantum TGD. This process led also to a new chapter of the book about physics as WCW geometry. I attach below the extended abstract of the chapter.

During years several approaches to what preferred extremals of Kähler action and solutions of the modified Dirac equation could be have been proposed and the challenge is to see whether at least some of these approaches are consistent with each other. It is good to list various approaches first.

1. For preferred extremals generalization of conformal invariance to 4-D situation is very attractive approach and leads to concrete conditions formally similar to those encountered in string model. In particular, Einstein's equations with cosmological constant follow as consistency conditions and field equations reduce to a purely algebraic statements analogous to those appearing in equations for minimal surfaces if one assumes that space-time surface has Hermitian structure or its Minkowskian variant Hamilton-Jacobi structure. The older approach based on basic heuristics for massless equations, on effective 3-dimensionality, and weak form of electric magnetic duality, and Beltrami flows is also promising. An alternative approach is inspired by number theoretical considerations and identifies space-time surfaces as associative or co-associative sub-manifolds of octonionic imbedding space.
   

   The basic step of progress was the realization that the known extremals of Kähler action - certainly limiting cases of more general extremals - can be deformed to more general extremals having interpretation as preferred extremals.
   
   

   1. The generalization boils down to the condition that field equations reduce to the condition that the traces Tr(TH^k) for the product of energy momentum tensor and second fundamental form vanish. In string models energy momentum tensor corresponds to metric and one obtains minimal surface equations. The equations reduce to purely algebraic conditions stating that T and H^k have no common components. Complex structure of string world sheet makes this possible.
      

      Stringy conditions for metric stating g_zz=g_z*z*=0 generalize. The condition that field equations reduce to Tr(TH^k)=0 requires that the terms involving Kähler gauge current in field equations vanish. This is achieved if Einstein's equations hold true. The conditions guaranteeing the vanishing of the trace in turn boil down to the existence of Hermitian structure in the case of Euclidian signature and to the existence of its analog - Hamilton-Jacobi structure - for Minkowskian signature. These conditions state that certain components of the induced metric vanish in complex coordinates or Hamilton-Jacobi coordinates.
      

      In string model the replacement of the imbedding space coordinate variables with quantized ones allows to interpret the conditions on metric as Virasoro conditions. In the recent case generalization of classical Virasoro conditions to four-dimensional ones would be in question. An interesting question is whether quantization of these conditions could make sense also in TGD framework at least as a useful trick to deduce information about quantum states in WCW degrees of freedom.
      

      The interpretation of the extended algebra as Yangian suggested previously to act as a generalization of conformal algebra in TGD Universe is attractive. There is also the conjecture that preferred extremals could be interpreted as quaternionic of co-quaternionic 4-surface of the octonionic imbedding space with octonionic representation of the gamma matrices defining the notion of tangent space quanternionicity.
      

2. There are also several approaches for solving the modified Dirac equation. The most promising approach is assumes that the solutions are restricted on 2-D stringy world sheets and/or partonic 2-surfaces. This strange looking view is a rather natural consequence of both strong form of holography and of number theoretic vision, and also follows from the notion of finite measurement resolution having discretization at partonic 2-surfaces as a geometric correlate. The conditions stating that electric charge is conserved for preferred extremals is an alternative very promising approach. One expects that stringy approach based on 4-D generalization of conformal invariance or its 2-D variant at 2-D preferred surfaces should also allow to understand the modified Dirac equation. In accordance with the earlier conjecture, all modes of the modified Dirac operator generate badly broken super-symmetries. Right-handed neutrino allows also holomorphic modes delocalized at entire space-time surface and the delocalization inside Euclidian region defining the line of generalized Feynman diagram is a good candidate for the right-handed neutrino generating the least broken super-symmetry. This super-symmetry seems however to differ from the ordinary one in that ν_R is expected to behave like a passive spectator in the scattering.
   
   

The question whether these various approaches are mutually consistent is discussed. It indeed turns out that the approach based on the conservation of electric charge leads under rather general assumptions to the proposal that solutions of the modified Dirac equation are localized on 2-dimensional string world sheets and/or partonic 2-surfaces. Einstein's equations are satisfied for the preferred extremals and this implies that the earlier proposal for the realization of Equivalence Principle is not needed. This leads to a considerable progress in the understanding of super Virasoro representations for super-symplectic and super-Kac-Moody algebra. In particular, the proposal is that super-Kac-Moody currents assignable to string world sheets define duals of gauge potentials and their generalization for gravitons: in the approximation that gauge group is Abelian - motivated by the notion of finite measurement resolution - the exponents for the sum of KM charges would define non-integrable phase factors. One can also identify Yangian as the algebra generated by these charges. The approach allows also to understand the special role of the right handed neutrino in SUSY according to TGD.

For more details see the new chapter The recent vision about preferred extremals and solutions of the modified Dirac equation of "TGD as Infinite-Dimensional Geometry" or the article with the same title.